PWA · Interviews · Postmortem: how we exhausted the connection pool in pwa-interview

126
PWr/pwa-interview·posted by dev_zhou·yesterdayExperience

Postmortem: how we exhausted the connection pool in pwa-interview

It took me two weeks of on-and-off digging and plenty of wrong turns. Writing the process down as it happened so the next person spends less time.

Worth noting: the official docs do cover this, just in a very inconspicuous spot. I only found it reading the source comments, where the author explains the reasoning — roughly "so that it degrades into predictable behaviour in extreme cases".

# Load test: do not jump straight to the max concurrency.
# Ramp it up, otherwise you miss the knee.
for c in 50 100 200 400 800; do
  wrk -t8 -c$c -d60s --latency http://127.0.0.1:8080/api/feed
  sleep 20
done

What genuinely surprised me was the tail. The average looked great while P99 jumped by an order of magnitude past some threshold. The cause was not pwa-interview itself but our upstream connection reuse — the load test traffic was too clean and hid the long-tail requests.

On trade-offs, my view is this: if nobody on the team owns this area long-term, do not introduce a second mechanism. With two coexistence you first have to work out which one is even in play when things break, and that costs far more than the performance you saved.

We also fixed monitoring along the way: replaced average-based alerts with percentiles and split them per endpoint. False alerts dropped by about seventy percent and the on-call rotation visibly cheered up.

49 comments

49 comments

M
Oops_wang·2 days ago

Agreeing with the above. One addition: with this option enabled the GC count in your metrics doubles, so adjust the alert threshold at the same time or it will keep firing.

461
Kkernel_panic·2 days ago

Thanks for sharing real numbers — far more useful than the articles that only cover concepts.

428
Ttang_hao·12 minutes ago

Worth learning from this debugging approach. We went straight at the logs and took a much longer route.

424
Sswoole_lee·12 minutes ago

I just read the pwa-interview source — the author actually explains the reasoning in a comment, roughly "so that it degrades into predictable behaviour in extreme cases".

213
Ttang_hao·2 hours ago

This matches what we see in production. We only hit it past 3k QPS; the earlier load tests showed nothing — the test traffic was too clean, with no long-tail requests.

43
Ddev_zhou·2 days agoedited

Has anyone run a controlled experiment? I did, reducing it to a single variable, and the difference was 4% — within noise. So I suspect the main cause is something else.

32
Mmike_xuMod·28 minutes ago

Can you give a minimal reproduction? I ran it locally for ten minutes and could not reproduce on macOS with the latest version.

389
Bbob_chen·3 minutes ago

Thanks for sharing real numbers — far more useful than the articles that only cover concepts.

380
Cchen_dev·5 hours ago

I see point 3 differently. The trade-off depends on your read/write ratio: read-heavy with little writing means caching actually widens the inconsistency window.

373
Sslow_query·2 days ago

Worth learning from this debugging approach. We went straight at the logs and took a much longer route.

27
Llinlin·2 days ago

We have run this in production for two years without hitting it. That said, we never reached this scale, so our experience is not really evidence here.

1
KkiteOPMod·2 days ago

Saved. I am reworking this area this week — this saves a lot of wrong turns.

289
Aalice_devOP·2 days ago

There is actually a simpler fix that needs no architecture change: move this check up to the gateway and the problem disappears. The cost is one extra lookup at the gateway.

101
Mmike_xu·5 hours ago

One counter-example: below pwa-interview 7.4 the semantics of that code are different, so do not copy it verbatim. We got burned in staging and rolled back once.

278
Sslow_query·12 minutes ago

Agreeing with the above. One addition: with this option enabled the GC count in your metrics doubles, so adjust the alert threshold at the same time or it will keep firing.

245
Sslow_queryMod·just now

I see point 3 differently. The trade-off depends on your read/write ratio: read-heavy with little writing means caching actually widens the inconsistency window.

236
Zzhu_zong·just now

A question: what changes in a container with a 512Mi memory limit? That is how we run it in production.

145
Sswoole_leeOP·2 days ago

Sharing our numbers, 8 cores 16GB, same scenario:

| Concurrency | P50 | P99 |
|---|---|---|
| 200 | 12ms | 88ms |
| 500 | 31ms | 340ms |

P99 clearly collapses at 500 concurrency, which lines up with your knee point.

32
Zzhu_zong·12 minutes ago

Agreeing with the above. One addition: with this option enabled the GC count in your metrics doubles, so adjust the alert threshold at the same time or it will keep firing.

86
Ttang_hao·28 minutes ago

Can you give a minimal reproduction? I ran it locally for ten minutes and could not reproduce on macOS with the latest version.

69
Mmike_xu·yesterday

This is not a pwa-interview problem, it is a usage problem. The docs say this API is not thread-safe and you must lock around it yourself.

68
Lli_ming·5 hours ago

This is not a pwa-interview problem, it is a usage problem. The docs say this API is not thread-safe and you must lock around it yourself.

41
Rrase·2 days ago

This is not a pwa-interview problem, it is a usage problem. The docs say this API is not thread-safe and you must lock around it yourself.

34
Oops_wang·28 minutes ago

Has anyone run a controlled experiment? I did, reducing it to a single variable, and the difference was 4% — within noise. So I suspect the main cause is something else.

22
Rrase·2 days ago

A question: what changes in a container with a 512Mi memory limit? That is how we run it in production.

125
Rran_bo·28 minutes ago

Can you give a minimal reproduction? I ran it locally for ten minutes and could not reproduce on macOS with the latest version.

82
Kkernel_panic·2 days ago

There is actually a simpler fix that needs no architecture change: move this check up to the gateway and the problem disappears. The cost is one extra lookup at the gateway.

314
Bbob_chenOP·just now

There is actually a simpler fix that needs no architecture change: move this check up to the gateway and the problem disappears. The cost is one extra lookup at the gateway.

39
Kkernel_panicOP·yesterday

One counter-example: below pwa-interview 7.4 the semantics of that code are different, so do not copy it verbatim. We got burned in staging and rolled back once.

79
Rran_bo·just now

Sharing our numbers, 8 cores 16GB, same scenario:

| Concurrency | P50 | P99 |
|---|---|---|
| 200 | 12ms | 88ms |
| 500 | 31ms | 340ms |

P99 clearly collapses at 500 concurrency, which lines up with your knee point.

15
Ttang_hao·2 hours ago

We have run this in production for two years without hitting it. That said, we never reached this scale, so our experience is not really evidence here.

66
Zzhou_yi·28 minutes agoedited

This matches what we see in production. We only hit it past 3k QPS; the earlier load tests showed nothing — the test traffic was too clean, with no long-tail requests.

25
Hhuang_ke·2 days ago

I see point 3 differently. The trade-off depends on your read/write ratio: read-heavy with little writing means caching actually widens the inconsistency window.

9
Kkite·2 days agoLevel 6

A question: what changes in a container with a 512Mi memory limit? That is how we run it in production.

304
Zzhu_zong·1 hour ago

Has anyone run a controlled experiment? I did, reducing it to a single variable, and the difference was 4% — within noise. So I suspect the main cause is something else.

1
Ddev_zhou·2 days ago

We have run this in production for two years without hitting it. That said, we never reached this scale, so our experience is not really evidence here.

199
Ddev_zhou·2 days ago

Saved. I am reworking this area this week — this saves a lot of wrong turns.

18
Lli_ming·just now

Saved. I am reworking this area this week — this saves a lot of wrong turns.

21
Zzhu_zong·1 hour ago

Sharing our numbers, 8 cores 16GB, same scenario:

| Concurrency | P50 | P99 |
|---|---|---|
| 200 | 12ms | 88ms |
| 500 | 31ms | 340ms |

P99 clearly collapses at 500 concurrency, which lines up with your knee point.

24
Sslow_query·1 hour ago

There is actually a simpler fix that needs no architecture change: move this check up to the gateway and the problem disappears. The cost is one extra lookup at the gateway.

157
Rrase·12 minutes ago

A question: what changes in a container with a 512Mi memory limit? That is how we run it in production.

54
Mmike_xu·12 minutes ago

One counter-example: below pwa-interview 7.4 the semantics of that code are different, so do not copy it verbatim. We got burned in staging and rolled back once.

7
Ttang_haoOP·2 days ago

I see point 3 differently. The trade-off depends on your read/write ratio: read-heavy with little writing means caching actually widens the inconsistency window.

4
Zzhou_yi·3 minutes ago

Worth learning from this debugging approach. We went straight at the logs and took a much longer route.

141
Sslow_query·just nowedited

Thanks for sharing real numbers — far more useful than the articles that only cover concepts.

14
Hhuang_ke·2 days ago

I just read the pwa-interview source — the author actually explains the reasoning in a comment, roughly "so that it degrades into predictable behaviour in extreme cases".

342
KkiteOP·2 days ago

I just read the pwa-interview source — the author actually explains the reasoning in a comment, roughly "so that it degrades into predictable behaviour in extreme cases".

9
Sswoole_lee·just nowedited

We have run this in production for two years without hitting it. That said, we never reached this scale, so our experience is not really evidence here.

7
Rran_bo·2 days ago

This matches what we see in production. We only hit it past 3k QPS; the earlier load tests showed nothing — the test traffic was too clean, with no long-tail requests.

5

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