Building an internal platform with linux from scratch: architecture and decision log
Short version: linux needs almost no tuning at small and medium scale — the point where it starts to hurt is much further out than most people assume. Full measurements below.
Order of investigation, by return on effort: 1. Check downstream latency first — usually it is not your problem 2. Then pool hit rate and wait-queue length 3. Only then GC and allocation 4. Suspect the framework last
Worth noting: the official docs do cover this, just in a very inconspicuous spot. I only found it reading the source comments, where the author explains the reasoning — roughly "so that it degrades into predictable behaviour in extreme cases".
We also fixed monitoring along the way: replaced average-based alerts with percentiles and split them per endpoint. False alerts dropped by about seventy percent and the on-call rotation visibly cheered up.
One last trap: in container environments remember to adjust the memory-related parameters in step. Otherwise the host limit and the process expectation disagree, and the symptom is intermittent, unreproducible failure.